Project Results for Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) - 2.Expanded

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Project: Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) - 2.Expanded

Study Group: 341 adults
Sample Collection Date: 2013

Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Benzophenone-3	Benzophenone-3	NA	µg/L	218	76.7	43.4	135	10.9	76.2	431	6720	95.8%	1.00 µg/L	●
Benzophenone-3	Benzophenone-3	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	83.8	49.1	143	11.8	70.8	408	3520	95.8%	1.00 µg/L	●
BPA	Bisphenol A	NA	µg/L	218	1.33	1.05	1.69	0.648	1.52	3.56	5.66	97.4%	0.100 µg/L	●
BPA	Bisphenol A	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	1.46	1.20	1.77	0.786	1.53	2.39	5.58	97.4%	0.100 µg/L	●
Butyl paraben	Butyl paraben	NA	µg/L	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.456	20.5	33.4%	0.200 µg/L	●
Butyl paraben	Butyl paraben	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.834	21.2	33.4%	0.200 µg/L	●
Ethyl paraben	Ethyl paraben	NA	µg/L	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	10.0	168	47.8%	1.00 µg/L	●
Ethyl paraben	Ethyl paraben	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	11.7	161	47.8%	1.00 µg/L	●
Methyl paraben	Methyl paraben	NA	µg/L	218	62.9	41.3	95.9	21.1	75.4	241	906	94.3%	1.00 µg/L	●
Methyl paraben	Methyl paraben	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	68.8	47.6	99.6	23.5	83.8	237	924	94.3%	1.00 µg/L	●
Propyl paraben	Propyl paraben	NA	µg/L	218	9.58	5.98	15.4	<LOD	9.05	55.5	325	71.5%	1.00 µg/L	●
Propyl paraben	Propyl paraben	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	10.48	6.68	16.4	<LOD	9.51	70.2	287	71.5%	1.00 µg/L	●
Triclosan	Triclosan	NA	µg/L	218	11.9	7.34	19.4	2.25	9.09	60.4	801	98.5%	0.100 µg/L	●
Triclosan	Triclosan	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	13.1	8.00	21.3	2.31	11.3	54.2	812	98.5%	0.100 µg/L	●

Footnotes

●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Herbicides

Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
2,4-D	2,4-D	NA	µg/L	218	0.173	0.137	0.217	0.0807	0.159	0.302	1.29	81.9%	0.0500 µg/L	●
2,4-D	2,4-D	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.189	0.153	0.233	0.113	0.185	0.323	1.61	81.9%	0.0500 µg/L	●

Footnotes

●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.

Chemical Group: Metals

Measured in: Blood

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Cadmium	Cadmium	NA	µg/L	315	0.247	0.220	0.277	0.161	0.227	0.380	0.939	100%	0.0111 µg/L	□
Lead	Lead	NA	µg/dL	315	0.749	0.664	0.846	0.416	0.703	1.31	2.43	100%	0.0109 µg/dL	□
Manganese	Manganese	NA	µg/L	315	9.17	8.76	9.60	7.63	9.08	10.8	15.7	100%	1.00 µg/L	□
Mercury	Mercury	NA	µg/L	315	0.677	0.573	0.799	0.339	0.693	1.26	3.52	99.9%	0.0294 µg/L	□

Footnotes

□Expanded BEST data from 315 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.

Chemical Group: Metals

Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Arsenic	Arsenic	NA	µg/L	218	8.60	7.05	10.5	5.08	10.3	14.0	41.6	100%	0.0493 µg/L	●
Arsenic	Arsenic	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	9.40	8.25	10.71	5.35	9.29	13.8	29	100%	0.0493 µg/L	●
Cadmium	Cadmium	NA	µg/L	218	0.184	0.145	0.235	0.0932	0.173	0.412	1.02	87.8%	0.0420 µg/L	●
Cadmium	Cadmium	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.202	0.166	0.245	0.111	0.193	0.334	0.928	87.8%	0.0420 µg/L	●
Cobalt	Cobalt	NA	µg/L	218	0.190	0.146	0.247	0.0872	0.181	0.417	1.24	98.5%	0.0113 µg/L	●
Cobalt	Cobalt	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.207	0.168	0.256	0.113	0.166	0.305	1.36	98.5%	0.0113 µg/L	●
Manganese	Manganese	NA	µg/L	218	*	*	*	<LOD	0.0555	0.106	0.461	56.3%	0.0449 µg/L	●
Manganese	Manganese	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	*	*	*	<LOD	0.0632	0.123	0.89	56.3%	0.0449 µg/L	●
Mercury	Mercury	NA	µg/L	218	0.148	0.114	0.194	0.0766	0.154	0.358	1.09	93.9%	0.0163 µg/L	●
Mercury	Mercury	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.162	0.130	0.202	0.0756	0.182	0.314	0.811	93.9%	0.0163 µg/L	●
Molybdenum	Molybdenum	NA	µg/L	218	40.4	31.8	51.4	20.0	48.6	81.1	202	100%	0.0736 µg/L	●
Molybdenum	Molybdenum	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	44.2	36.9	52.9	28.8	40.2	71.0	158	100%	0.0736 µg/L	●
Thallium	Thallium	NA	µg/L	218	0.164	0.136	0.197	0.125	0.182	0.296	0.373	98.4%	0.00982 µg/L	●
Thallium	Thallium	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.179	0.161	0.198	0.135	0.180	0.247	0.392	98.4%	0.00982 µg/L	●
Tungsten	Tungsten	NA	µg/L	218	0.0762	0.0584	0.0994	0.0447	0.0924	0.155	0.333	95.8%	0.00493 µg/L	●
Tungsten	Tungsten	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.0833	0.0684	0.101	0.0475	0.0812	0.141	0.399	95.8%	0.00493 µg/L	●
Uranium	Uranium	NA	µg/L	218	0.00709	0.00533	0.00944	0.00215	0.00752	0.0181	0.0635	82.0%	0.00134 µg/L	●
Uranium	Uranium	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.00775	0.00606	0.00990	0.00349	0.00664	0.0149	0.0645	82.0%	0.00134 µg/L	●

Footnotes

●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Organochlorine Pesticides

Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH)	b-HCH	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	5.22	24.7	35.5%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
DDE (para,para)	para,para-DDT and/or para,para-DDE	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	217	176	267	110	174	542	1240	100%	0.0160 ng/mL	♦
DDT (ortho,para)	ortho,para-DDT	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	2.5%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
DDT (para,para)	para,para-DDT	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	1.71	2.58	4.98	64.2%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)	HCB	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	8.82	8.21	9.47	7.27	8.71	11.1	16.1	100%	0.0106 ng/mL	♦
Oxychlordane	Chlordane	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	3.73	3.09	4.50	2.00	3.54	7.37	15.0	83.4%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
trans-Nonachlor	Chlordane	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	6.92	5.68	8.44	3.69	6.43	14.9	34.4	89.9%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦

Footnotes

♦Expanded BEST data from 217 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Organophosphate Pesticides

Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
IMPY	Diazanon	NA	µg/L	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.199	0.849	47.5%	0.0500 µg/L	●
IMPY	Diazanon	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.216	0.829	47.5%	0.0500 µg/L	●
TCPy	Chlorpyrifos (Chlorpyrifos methyl)	NA	µg/L	218	0.912	0.792	1.05	<LOD	0.991	1.39	2.72	74.6%	0.500 µg/L	●
TCPy	Chlorpyrifos (Chlorpyrifos methyl)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.997	0.883	1.13	<LOD	0.953	1.40	2.61	74.6%	0.500 µg/L	●

Footnotes

●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Other Pesticides

Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
DEET	DEET	NA	µg/L	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.102	0.286	38.5%	0.0500 µg/L	●
DEET	DEET	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.117	0.425	38.5%	0.0500 µg/L	●

Footnotes

●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Perchlorate

Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
	Perchlorate	NA	µg/L	218	2.91	2.38	3.56	2.00	2.98	4.59	18.6	100%	0.0100 µg/L	●
	Perchlorate	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	3.19	2.68	3.79	1.79	2.87	5.47	13.9	100%	0.0100 µg/L	●

Footnotes

●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Et-PFOSA-AcOH	Et-PFOSA-AcOH	NA	ng/mL	337	*	*	*	<LOD	0.00732	0.0218	0.0865	51.7%	0.00682 ng/mL	○
Me-PFOSA-AcOH	Me-PFOSA-AcOH	NA	ng/mL	337	0.120	0.106	0.136	0.0686	0.124	0.202	0.514	98.4%	0.0114 ng/mL	○
PFDA	PFDA	NA	ng/mL	337	0.162	0.146	0.180	0.0901	0.161	0.262	0.522	79.1%	0.0877 ng/mL	○
PFDoA	PFDoA	NA	ng/mL	337	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	1.4%	0.148 ng/mL	○
PFHpA	PFHpA	NA	ng/mL	337	*	*	*	<LOD	0.0189	0.0480	0.135	61.4%	0.0121 ng/mL	○
PFHxS	PFHxS	NA	ng/mL	337	1.09	0.952	1.26	0.606	1.13	1.85	4.59	99.5%	0.0538 ng/mL	○
PFNA	PFNA	NA	ng/mL	337	0.739	0.660	0.827	0.497	0.764	1.18	1.95	99.5%	0.0282 ng/mL	○
PFOA	PFOA	NA	ng/mL	337	1.42	1.26	1.60	1.04	1.63	2.34	4.07	99.5%	0.0426 ng/mL	○
PFOS	PFOS	NA	ng/mL	337	5.07	4.53	5.68	3.41	5.05	7.82	17.6	99.7%	0.0943 ng/mL	○
PFOSA	PFOSA	NA	ng/mL	337	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.0246	0.108	29.2%	0.0212 ng/mL	○
PFUnDA	PFUnDA	NA	ng/mL	337	0.0841	0.0743	0.0952	0.0447	0.0820	0.138	0.363	80.3%	0.0371 ng/mL	○

Footnotes

○Expanded BEST data from 337 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Phthalates

Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
MBzP	Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP)	NA	µg/L	218	5.20	4.09	6.61	2.82	5.57	9.44	25.6	100%	0.200 µg/L	●
MBzP	Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	5.69	4.81	6.72	3.36	5.86	9.05	22.3	100%	0.200 µg/L	●
MCHP	Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP)	NA	µg/L	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<0.1%	0.100 µg/L	●
MCHP	Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<0.1%	0.100 µg/L	●
MCPP	Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)	NA	µg/L	218	2.01	1.57	2.58	0.943	2.30	4.40	16.0	>99.9%	0.100 µg/L	●
MCPP	Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	2.20	1.79	2.71	1.17	1.87	3.54	15.2	>99.9%	0.100 µg/L	●
MECPP	Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)	NA	µg/L	218	9.62	7.62	12.1	5.35	11.0	20.5	47.9	100%	0.190 µg/L	●
MECPP	Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	10.52	9.01	12.3	6.81	10.5	16.9	36.1	100%	0.190 µg/L	●
MEHHP	Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)	NA	µg/L	218	6.05	4.67	7.83	2.70	7.17	12.7	31.9	>99.9%	0.190 µg/L	●
MEHHP	Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	6.61	5.50	7.94	4.33	6.75	10.4	19.6	>99.9%	0.190 µg/L	●
MEHP	Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)	NA	µg/L	218	1.89	1.38	2.59	0.857	2.28	5.21	13.3	89.9%	0.190 µg/L	●
MEHP	Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	2.07	1.63	2.62	0.936	2.16	4.24	12.9	89.9%	0.190 µg/L	●
MEOHP	Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)	NA	µg/L	218	4.49	3.43	5.87	2.37	4.87	8.27	35.0	>99.9%	0.100 µg/L	●
MEOHP	Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	4.91	4.02	6.00	3.00	4.96	7.06	21.5	>99.9%	0.100 µg/L	●
MEP	Diethyl phthalate (DEP)	NA	µg/L	218	52.6	38.5	72.0	20.7	43.0	118	930	100%	0.460 µg/L	●
MEP	Diethyl phthalate (DEP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	57.5	44.3	74.6	23.9	46.2	120	534	100%	0.460 µg/L	●
MIBP	Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP)	NA	µg/L	218	6.88	5.70	8.32	3.84	6.35	12.2	25.4	93.3%	1.60 µg/L	●
MIBP	Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	7.52	6.50	8.72	4.91	7.22	11.5	27.5	93.3%	1.60 µg/L	●
MnBP	Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP)	NA	µg/L	218	13.8	11.0	17.4	7.75	15.7	25.4	69.9	96.8%	0.910 µg/L	●
MnBP	Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP)	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	15.1	12.9	17.7	8.67	15.4	22.5	51.8	96.8%	0.910 µg/L	●

Footnotes

●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)

Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
BDE 017	BDE 17	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0%	0.00770 ng/mL	♦ *
BDE 028	BDE 28	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	2.61	5.04	47.4%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
BDE 047	BDE 47	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	20.8	17.2	25.2	9.64	22.0	42.8	108	99.2%	0.0165 ng/mL	♦
BDE 066	BDE 66	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.6%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
BDE 085	BDE 85	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	1.94	9.7%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
BDE 099	BDE 99	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	4.35	3.57	5.3	2.06	3.97	9.65	22.6	88.1%	0.00898 ng/mL	♦
BDE 100	BDE 100	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	4.21	3.44	5.14	1.67	4.18	9.14	23.6	84.9%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
BDE 153	BDE 153	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	11.3	9.29	13.7	6.43	10.0	16.8	83.0	94.6%	0.0160 ng/mL	♦
BDE 154	BDE 154	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	1.3%	0.0160 ng/mL	♦
BDE 183	BDE 183	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.9%	0.0160 ng/mL	♦
BDE 196	BDE 196	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.3%	0.0160 ng/mL	♦
BDE 197	BDE 197	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.53	7.4%	0.0160 ng/mL	♦
BDE 201	BDE 201	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.3%	0.0160 ng/mL	♦
BDE 202	BDE 202	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.3%	0.0160 ng/mL	♦
BDE 203	BDE 203	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.3%	0.0160 ng/mL	♦
BDE 206	BDE 206	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.4%	0.0200 ng/mL	♦
BDE 207	BDE 207	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.9%	0.0200 ng/mL	♦
BDE 208	BDE 208	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.4%	0.0200 ng/mL	♦
BDE 209	BDE 209	Lipids	ng/g lipid	190	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.4%	0.257 ng/mL	♦

Footnotes

♦Expanded BEST data from 217 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
PCB 066	PCB 066	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	1.94	9.7%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 074	PCB 074	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	4.27	11.6	47.1%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 099	PCB 099	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	1.61	3.10	8.05	58.0%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 101	PCB 101	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.5%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 105	PCB 105	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.47	18.9%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 118	PCB 118	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	2.85	2.34	3.46	1.29	2.52	4.78	13.4	77.5%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 138	PCB 138	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	5.11	4.08	6.39	2.32	4.32	10.6	25.6	93.1%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 153	PCB 153	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	10.1	7.88	12.8	4.00	9.18	26.2	56.5	99.7%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 156	PCB 156	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	1.53	3.45	7.94	52.6%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 170	PCB 170	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	3.49	2.82	4.32	<LOD	3.50	8.88	16.1	71.7%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 180	PCB 180	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	9.42	7.26	12.2	3.07	9.40	29.3	54.0	97.7%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 183	PCB 183	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	2.67	5.13	43.7%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 187	PCB 187	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	3.14	2.55	3.88	<LOD	2.96	8.63	16.3	69.4%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 194	PCB 194	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	2.08	5.33	11.9	58.8%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦
PCB 203	PCB 203	Lipids	ng/g lipid	217	*	*	*	<LOD	2.33	5.57	11.5	61.5%	0.00800 ng/mL	♦

Footnotes

♦Expanded BEST data from 217 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
1-NAP	Naphthalene	NA	pg/mL	218	1,230	873	1,730	569	1,060	2,740	14,700	98.4%	25 pg/mL	●
1-NAP	Naphthalene	Creatinine	ng/g creatinine	218	1,340	983	1,840	567	948	2,530	18,100	98.4%	25 pg/mL	●
1-PHEN	Phenanthrene	NA	pg/mL	218	104	84.4	129	69.9	106	179	521	97.9%	10 pg/mL	●
1-PHEN	Phenanthrene	Creatinine	ng/g creatinine	218	114	95.6	136	64.4	107	164	427	97.9%	10 pg/mL	●
1-PYR	Pyrene	NA	pg/mL	218	105	83.0	134	56.8	102	205	497	90.5%	20 pg/mL	●
1-PYR	Pyrene	Creatinine	ng/g creatinine	218	115	93.9	141	62.6	104	151	909	90.5%	20 pg/mL	●
2-FLUO	Fluorene	NA	pg/mL	218	201	164	245	118	209	325	922	98.4%	20 pg/mL	●
2-FLUO	Fluorene	Creatinine	ng/g creatinine	218	219	185	260	127	178	299	1,160	98.4%	20 pg/mL	●
2-NAP	Naphthalene	NA	pg/mL	218	3,640	2,990	4,420	1,780	3,490	7,940	19,500	100%	20 pg/mL	●
2-NAP	Naphthalene	Creatinine	ng/g creatinine	218	3,980	3,330	4,750	1,920	3,740	6,820	19,900	100%	20 pg/mL	●
2-PHEN	Phenanthrene	NA	pg/mL	218	35.0	29.0	42.1	21.1	39.0	55.7	164	91.2%	10 pg/mL	●
2-PHEN	Phenanthrene	Creatinine	ng/g creatinine	218	38.2	32.5	44.9	24.3	34.5	54.6	134	91.2%	10 pg/mL	●
3-FLUO	Fluorene	NA	pg/mL	218	96.3	74.1	125	43.9	90.4	163	1150	89.8%	20 pg/mL	●
3-FLUO	Fluorene	Creatinine	ng/g creatinine	218	105	83.4	133	53.2	82.8	148	1,140	89.8%	20 pg/mL	●
3-PHEN	Phenanthrene	NA	pg/mL	218	56.1	45.5	69.3	37.2	57.3	109	247	93.3%	10 pg/mL	●
3-PHEN	Phenanthrene	Creatinine	ng/g creatinine	218	61.4	51.3	73.4	34.5	56.2	78.3	468	93.3%	10 pg/mL	●
9-FLUO	Fluorene	NA	pg/mL	218	274	217	344	143	271	507	2140	96.3%	37 pg/mL	●
9-FLUO	Fluorene	Creatinine	ng/g creatinine	218	299	246	363	156	266	478	1,890	96.3%	37 pg/mL	●

Footnotes

●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.

Chemical Group: Pyrethroid Pesticides

Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	95% Confidence Interval		Selected Percentiles				Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
Chemical measured	Indicates Exposure to	Adjusted for	Units	Number of people tested	Geometric mean	Lower	Upper	25th	50th	75th	95th	Detection Frequency	Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight	Notes
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA)	Cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, and/or tralomethrin	NA	µg/L	218	0.660	0.480	0.908	0.305	0.783	1.47	5.39	90.9%	0.0500 µg/L	●
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA)	Cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, and/or tralomethrin	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.722	0.558	0.934	0.386	0.747	1.27	6.41	90.9%	0.0500 µg/L	●
4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F-3-PBA)	Cyfluthrin	NA	µg/L	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.224	19.7%	0.0500 µg/L	●
4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F-3-PBA)	Cyfluthrin	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.230	19.7%	0.0500 µg/L	●
Trans-DCCA	Cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, permethrin	Creatinine	µg/g creatinine	218	0.505	0.383	0.666	0.221	0.488	1.15	6.30	92.6%	0.0500 µg/L	●

Footnotes

●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
*Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Explanation of Terms

95% Confidence interval for the geometric mean

A 95% confidence interval for the geometric mean (CI-GM) is a range of values between two numbers called the lower bound and upper bound. These bounds are calculated based on sample data collected from a subset of a larger population. In repeated random sampling, the CI-GMs calculated for the various samples will contain the population value of the geometric mean 95 percent of the time. If convenience sampling is used to collect sample data, the CI-GM should be interpreted with caution. This is because a convenience sample may not be representative of the larger population.

95% Confidence interval for the geometric mean - lower

95% Confidence interval for the geometric mean - upper

Adjusted for

Chemical concentrations in urine can be adjusted for urine dilution using creatinine or specific-gravity. Chemical concentrations in serum can be adjusted for lipids. In the results tables, unadjusted chemical concentrations are denoted by NA.

Below the limit of detection (<LOD)

Below the limit of detection (< LOD) means that the laboratory could not detect the chemical. This may have been because the chemical was not present at all or because it was present at such a low level that the laboratory could not measure it.

Chemical measured

The chemical that was analyzed in blood or urine samples. The chemical measured is sometimes the parent chemical and sometimes a metabolite of the parent chemical.

Detection frequency (percent detected)

The percentage of study participants with a measurable level of a chemical in their blood or urine sample.

Geometric mean

The geometric mean is an estimated middle value of a set of numbers.This is different than the average, also called the "arithmetic mean". A geometric mean is sometimes calculated when the set of numbers contains some extreme values. For example, the geometric mean of the set of numbers "1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 10, 100" is calculated by multiplying all ten numbers together and then raising to the 1/10th power, giving 4.8. To compare, the arithmetic mean is calculated by adding all ten numbers and dividing by 10, giving 14.

In the data tables, an asterisk (*) means the geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Indicates exposure to

The chemical(s) listed in this column is the chemical(s) to which a person may have been exposed through various sources (e.g., via drinking water or use of a consumer product). This chemical is commonly called the parent chemical.

Limit of detection (LOD), wet-weight

The limit of detection (LOD) is the lowest level of a chemical that the laboratory can measure in whole blood, urine or serum. The wet-weight LOD is presented as an amount of a chemical per liter of a sample (for example, microgram of a chemical per liter of urine, or µg/L). This is often the way that biomonitoring results are reported as well (for example, µg/L urine or µg/L serum). In some cases, however, biomonitoring results are presented as lipid-adjusted concentrations (µg/g lipid) or creatinine-adjusted concentrations (µg/g creatinine). For these cases, the units for the wet-weight LOD will differ from the units used to report the biomonitoring results.

Number of people tested

The number of individuals whose blood or urine samples were analyzed for a particular chemical.

Sample collection date

The time period during which blood or urine samples were collected from participants in Biomonitoring California projects or laboratory collaborations.

Selected percentiles

A range of values calculated to show the distribution of measured chemical levels. See specific percentiles below for examples.

Selected percentiles - 25th

If the 25th percentile is 0.3 µg/L, for example, this means that 25% of participants had levels less than or equal to 0.3 µg/L.

Selected percentiles - 50th

If the 50th percentile is 0.6 µg/L, for example, this means that 50% of participants had levels less than or equal to 0.6 µg/L.

Selected percentiles - 75th

If the 75th percentile is 1.2 µg/L, for example, this means that 75% of participants had levels less than or equal to 1.2 µg/L.

Selected percentiles - 90th

If the 90th percentile is 1.5 µg/L, for example, this means that 90% of participants had levels less than or equal to 1.5 µg/L.

Selected percentiles - 95th

If the 95th percentile is 1.9 µg/L, for example, this means that 95% of participants had levels less than or equal to 1.9 µg/L.

Study group

A brief description of the people who provided blood and/or urine samples for analysis in a particular study.

Units

Human biomonitoring data are commonly reported as an amount of a chemical present in a specified volume of a bodily fluid (such as blood or urine). For example, a chemical measurement expressed in units of µg/L urine tells us the number of micrograms (µg) of the chemical present per one liter (L) of urine. Using standard units allows for comparison across different studies. For more examples, see definition for: Units used by Biomonitoring California.

Unweighted Results

Unweighted results summarize the measurements collected from study participants but may not apply to a wider group of Californians.

Weighted Results

Weighted results are results that have been calculated using a statistical method that adjusts over-represented and under-represented samples. Weighted results adequately reflect a wider population in California.

Project Results for Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) - 2.Expanded

Project: Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) - 2.Expanded

Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Herbicides

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Metals

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Metals

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Organochlorine Pesticides

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Organophosphate Pesticides

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Other Pesticides

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Perchlorate

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Phthalates

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Weighted Results

Chemical Group: Pyrethroid Pesticides

Weighted Results

Explanation of Terms

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